Character Encoding using Named Entities

When using characters not belonging to the 7bit ASCII charset (Latin-1) in a webpage, one should always declare the character encoding which is used. Best pratice is to use the UTF-8 Unicode character encoding scheme. Now some special characters are needed quite often. Instead of memorizing the Unicode code points you may also use certain named entities which are easier to remember.

The following chart lists the standardized named entities with their corresponding decimal Unicode encoding. Browsers should be able to render both encodings. The occurence of a couple of empty cells in the chart is due to the corresponding characters being whitespace and formatting characters. It should be noted that the Opera browser upto version 7.23 does not support named entities in documents with media type application/xhtml+xml.

Character Encoding using named Entities

1	2	3	4
1	2	3	4
parsed as Name Code Name Code parsed as " " &quot; &#34; & & &amp; &#38; < < &lt; &#60; > > &gt; &#62;     &nbsp; &#160; ¡ ¡ &iexcl; &#161; ¢ ¢ &cent; &#162; £ £ &pound; &#163; ¤ ¤ &curren; &#164; ¥ ¥ &yen; &#165; ¦ ¦ &brvbar; &#166; § § &sect; &#167; ¨ ¨ &uml; &#168; © © &copy; &#169; ª ª &ordf; &#170; « « &laquo; &#171; ¬ ¬ &not; &#172;     &shy; &#173; ® ® &reg; &#174; ¯ ¯ &macr; &#175; ° ° &deg; &#176; ± ± &plusmn; &#177; ² ² &sup2; &#178; ³ ³ &sup3; &#179; ´ ´ &acute; &#180; µ µ &micro; &#181; ¶ ¶ &para; &#182; · · &middot; &#183; ¸ ¸ &cedil; &#184; ¹ ¹ &sup1; &#185; º º &ordm; &#186; » » &raquo; &#187; ¼ ¼ &frac14; &#188; ½ ½ &frac12; &#189; ¾ ¾ &frac34; &#190; ¿ ¿ &iquest; &#191; À À &Agrave; &#192; Á Á &Aacute; &#193;   &Acirc; &#194; à à &Atilde; &#195; Ä Ä &Auml; &#196; Å Å &Aring; &#197; Æ Æ &AElig; &#198; Ç Ç &Ccedil; &#199; È È &Egrave; &#200; É É &Eacute; &#201; Ê Ê &Ecirc; &#202; Ë Ë &Euml; &#203; Ì Ì &Igrave; &#204; Í Í &Iacute; &#205; Î Î &Icirc; &#206; Ï Ï &Iuml; &#207; Ð Ð &ETH; &#208; Ñ Ñ &Ntilde; &#209; Ò Ò &Ograve; &#210; Ó Ó &Oacute; &#211; Ô Ô &Ocirc; &#212; Õ Õ &Otilde; &#213; Ö Ö &Ouml; &#214; × × &times; &#215; Ø Ø &Oslash; &#216; Ù Ù &Ugrave; &#217; Ú Ú &Uacute; &#218;	parsed as Name Code Name Code parsed as Û Û &Ucirc; &#219; Ü Ü &Uuml; &#220; Ý Ý &Yacute; &#221; Þ Þ &THORN; &#222; ß ß &szlig; &#223; à à &agrave; &#224; á á &aacute; &#225; â â &acirc; &#226; ã ã &atilde; &#227; ä ä &auml; &#228; å å &aring; &#229; æ æ &aelig; &#230; ç ç &ccedil; &#231; è è &egrave; &#232; é é &eacute; &#233; ê ê &ecirc; &#234; ë ë &euml; &#235; ì ì &igrave; &#236; í í &iacute; &#237; î î &icirc; &#238; ï ï &iuml; &#239; ð ð &eth; &#240; ñ ñ &ntilde; &#241; ò ò &ograve; &#242; ó ó &oacute; &#243; ô ô &ocirc; &#244; õ õ &otilde; &#245; ö ö &ouml; &#246; ÷ ÷ &divide; &#247; ø ø &oslash; &#248; ù ù &ugrave; &#249; ú ú &uacute; &#250; û û &ucirc; &#251; ü ü &uuml; &#252; ý ý &yacute; &#253; þ þ &thorn; &#254; ÿ ÿ &yuml; &#255; Œ Œ &OElig; &#338; œ œ &oelig; &#339; Š Š &Scaron; &#352; š š &scaron; &#353; Ÿ Ÿ &Yuml; &#376; ƒ ƒ &fnof; &#402; ˆ ˆ &circ; &#710; ˜ ˜ &tilde; &#732; Α Α &Alpha; &#913; Β Β &Beta; &#914; Γ Γ &Gamma; &#915; Δ Δ &Delta; &#916; Ε Ε &Epsilon; &#917; Ζ Ζ &Zeta; &#918; Η Η &Eta; &#919; Θ Θ &Theta; &#920; Ι Ι &Iota; &#921; Κ Κ &Kappa; &#922; Λ Λ &Lambda; &#923; Μ Μ &Mu; &#924; Ν Ν &Nu; &#925; Ξ Ξ &Xi; &#926; Ο Ο &Omicron; &#927; Π Π &Pi; &#928; Ρ Ρ &Rho; &#929; Σ Σ &Sigma; &#931;	parsed as Name Code Name Code parsed as Τ Τ &Tau; &#932; Υ Υ &Upsilon; &#933; Φ Φ &Phi; &#934; Χ Χ &Chi; &#935; Ψ Ψ &Psi; &#936; Ω Ω &Omega; &#937; α α &alpha; &#945; β β &beta; &#946; γ γ &gamma; &#947; δ δ &delta; &#948; ε ε &epsilon; &#949; ζ ζ &zeta; &#950; η η &eta; &#951; θ θ &theta; &#952; ι ι &iota; &#953; κ κ &kappa; &#954; λ λ &lambda; &#955; μ μ &mu; &#956; ν ν &nu; &#957; ξ ξ &xi; &#958; ο ο &omicron; &#959; π π &pi; &#960; ρ ρ &rho; &#961; ς ς &sigmaf; &#962; σ σ &sigma; &#963; τ τ &tau; &#964; υ υ &upsilon; &#965; φ φ &phi; &#966; χ χ &chi; &#967; ψ ψ &psi; &#968; ω ω &omega; &#969; ϑ ϑ &thetasym; &#977; ϒ ϒ &upsih; &#978; ϖ ϖ &piv; &#982;     &ensp; &#8194;     &emsp; &#8195;     &thinsp; &#8201;     &zwnj; &#8204;     &zwj; &#8205;     &lrm; &#8206;     &rlm; &#8207; – – &ndash; &#8211; — — &mdash; &#8212; ‘ ‘ &lsquo; &#8216; ’ ’ &rsquo; &#8217; ‚ ‚ &sbquo; &#8218; “ “ &ldquo; &#8220; ” ” &rdquo; &#8221; „ „ &bdquo; &#8222; † † &dagger; &#8224; ‡ ‡ &Dagger; &#8225; • • &bull; &#8226; … … &hellip; &#8230; ‰ ‰ &permil; &#8240; ′ ′ &prime; &#8242; ″ ″ &Prime; &#8243; ‹ ‹ &lsaquo; &#8249; › › &rsaquo; &#8250; ‾ ‾ &oline; &#8254; ⁄ ⁄ &frasl; &#8260; € € &euro; &#8364; ℑ ℑ &image; &#8465; ℘ ℘ &weierp; &#8472;	parsed as Name Code Name Code parsed as ℜ ℜ &real; &#8476; ™ ™ &trade; &#8482; ℵ ℵ &alefsym; &#8501; ← ← &larr; &#8592; ↑ ↑ &uarr; &#8593; → → &rarr; &#8594; ↓ ↓ &darr; &#8595; ↔ ↔ &harr; &#8596; ↵ ↵ &crarr; &#8629; ⇐ ⇐ &lArr; &#8656; ⇑ ⇑ &uArr; &#8657; ⇒ ⇒ &rArr; &#8658; ⇓ ⇓ &dArr; &#8659; ⇔ ⇔ &hArr; &#8660; ∀ ∀ &forall; &#8704; ∂ ∂ &part; &#8706; ∃ ∃ &exist; &#8707; ∅ ∅ &empty; &#8709; ∇ ∇ &nabla; &#8711; ∈ ∈ &isin; &#8712; ∉ ∉ &notin; &#8713; ∋ ∋ &ni; &#8715; ∏ ∏ &prod; &#8719; ∑ ∑ &sum; &#8721; − − &minus; &#8722; ∗ ∗ &lowast; &#8727; √ √ &radic; &#8730; ∝ ∝ &prop; &#8733; ∞ ∞ &infin; &#8734; ∠ ∠ &ang; &#8736; ∠ ∧ &ang; &#8743; ∨ ∨ &or; &#8744; ∩ ∩ &cap; &#8745; ∪ ∪ &cup; &#8746; ∫ ∫ &int; &#8747; ∴ ∴ &there4; &#8756; ∼ ∼ &sim; &#8764; ≅ ≅ &cong; &#8773; ≈ ≈ &asymp; &#8776; ≠ ≠ &ne; &#8800; ≡ ≡ &equiv; &#8801; ≤ ≤ &le; &#8804; ≥ ≥ &ge; &#8805; ⊂ ⊂ &sub; &#8834; ⊃ ⊃ &sup; &#8835; ⊄ ⊄ &nsub; &#8836; ⊆ ⊆ &sube; &#8838; ⊇ ⊇ &supe; &#8839; ⊕ ⊕ &oplus; &#8853; ⊗ ⊗ &otimes; &#8855; ⊥ ⊥ &perp; &#8869; ⋅ ⋅ &sdot; &#8901; ⌈ ⌈ &lceil; &#8968; ⌉ ⌉ &rceil; &#8969; ⌊ ⌊ &lfloor; &#8970; ⌋ ⌋ &rfloor; &#8971; ⟨ 〈 &lang; &#9001; ⟩ 〉 &rang; &#9002; ◊ ◊ &loz; &#9674; ♠ ♠ &spades; &#9824; ♣ ♣ &clubs; &#9827; ♥ ♥ &hearts; &#9829; ♦ ♦ &diams; &#9830;

A note on the term charset:
The W3C recommends using the term character encoding instead of the terms charset and character set:
Specifications SHOULD avoid using the terms 'character set' and 'charset' to refer to a character encoding, except when the latter is used to refer to the MIME charset parameter or its IANA-registered values. The term 'character encoding', or in specific cases the terms 'character encoding form' or 'character encoding scheme', are RECOMMENDED.